Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Haematology · RBC, WBC and platelet analysis — first-line for infection, anaemia and bleeding work-up.

Liver Function Tests (LFT)

Hepatobiliary · Pattern recognition — hepatocellular vs cholestatic vs mixed.

Renal Function Tests (RFT)

Renal · Urea, creatinine and eGFR — distinguish AKI vs CKD, pre/intra/post-renal.

Serum Electrolytes

Biochemistry · Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, PO4 — interpret with volume status and ABG.

Coagulation Profile

Haematology · PT/INR, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer — bleeding and clotting evaluation.

Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiology · High-sensitivity troponin, CK-MB, BNP/NT-proBNP.

Thyroid Function Tests

Endocrine · TSH, FT4, FT3 — primary vs secondary disorders.

Iron Studies

Haematology · Serum iron, TIBC, ferritin, transferrin saturation.

Urinalysis

Renal · Dipstick + microscopy: protein, blood, glucose, casts.