Urinalysis

Renal

Dipstick + microscopy: protein, blood, glucose, casts.
ProteinBloodLeucocytesNitritesGlucoseKetonesCasts

Proteinuria + haematuria + RBC casts

Common causes

  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Vasculitis
  • Lupus nephritis

Significance: Active urinary sediment — nephrology referral.

Differential diagnosis

  • Post-strep GN
  • IgA nephropathy
  • ANCA vasculitis
  • Lupus nephritis

Next investigations

  • 24h urine protein / UPCR
  • ANA, ANCA, anti-dsDNA, C3/C4
  • Renal biopsy

Red flags

  • Rapidly progressive renal failure
  • Pulmonary haemorrhage (Goodpasture)

Educational support only — not a substitute for clinical judgment.

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WardRound

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