Leptospirosis

Infectious Diseases

Zoonotic spirochaetal infection acquired from water contaminated with animal urine; severe form is Weil's disease.

Clinical features

  • Abrupt fever, severe myalgia (calves)
  • Conjunctival suffusion
  • Jaundice with AKI (Weil's)
  • Pulmonary haemorrhage

Investigations

  • Dark-field/PCR early, MAT or IgM after day 5
  • Bilirubin markedly raised with modest transaminases
  • CK raised, thrombocytopenia, CXR for haemorrhage

Management

  • Mild: doxycycline 100 mg BD × 7 days
  • Severe: penicillin G 1.5 MU IV q6h or ceftriaxone 1 g IV OD
  • Dialysis for AKI, ventilatory support for pulmonary haemorrhage
  • Watch for Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Clinical pearls

  • Conjunctival suffusion without discharge is a valuable clue
  • Renal failure is typically non-oliguric with hypokalaemia

Related in WardRound

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