Epistaxis

ENT

Nasal bleeding, 90% from Little's area (Kiesselbach plexus) anteriorly.

Management

  • First aid: sit forward, pinch soft cartilage for 15 min continuously, ice
  • Topical vasoconstrictor and cautery with silver nitrate to one side of the septum only
  • Anterior packing if bleeding persists; consider tranexamic acid
  • Posterior bleed: balloon catheter, admit, ENT review
  • Correct coagulopathy; check BP

Complications

  • Aspiration
  • Hypovolaemia
  • Septal perforation from bilateral cautery
  • Toxic shock with prolonged packing

Clinical pearls

  • Never cauterise both sides of the septum at the same visit
  • Consider hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia in recurrent cases

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

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