Epistaxis

ENT

Nasal bleeding, 90% from Little's area (Kiesselbach plexus) anteriorly.

Management

  • • First aid: sit forward, pinch soft cartilage for 15 min continuously, ice
  • • Topical vasoconstrictor and cautery with silver nitrate to one side of the septum only
  • • Anterior packing if bleeding persists; consider tranexamic acid
  • • Posterior bleed: balloon catheter, admit, ENT review
  • • Correct coagulopathy; check BP

Complications

  • • Aspiration
  • • Hypovolaemia
  • • Septal perforation from bilateral cautery
  • • Toxic shock with prolonged packing

Clinical pearls

  • • Never cauterise both sides of the septum at the same visit
  • • Consider hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia in recurrent cases

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

WardRound

WardRound

Clinical Decisions in Seconds