First 30 seconds
- 1ABCDE, careful fluid
- 2IV 0.9% NaCl 500–1000 mL over 1 h
- 3VBG, glucose, U&E, osmolality
Marked hyperglycaemia (>30), hyperosmolality (>320), no significant ketoacidosis. Type 2 DM, older patients.
A
Airway
- • Patent? Talking? Stridor?
- • Suction, jaw-thrust, adjuncts, definitive airway if needed
B
Breathing
- • RR, SpO₂, auscultate, percuss
- • O₂ to target sats, NIV / intubate as required
C
Circulation
- • HR, BP, cap refill, JVP
- • 2× large-bore IV, bloods, monitor, ECG
D
Disability
- • AVPU/GCS, pupils, glucose, temp
E
Exposure
- • Full exposure, skin, rash, bleeding, lines, infection source
