Myasthenia Gravis

Neurology

Autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction causing fatigable weakness, most often from anti-AChR antibodies.

Clinical features

  • Fatigable ptosis and diplopia
  • Bulbar weakness — dysphagia, nasal speech
  • Proximal limb weakness worse at end of day

Investigations

  • Anti-AChR then anti-MuSK antibodies
  • Repetitive nerve stimulation / single-fibre EMG
  • CT thorax for thymoma
  • Forced vital capacity for crisis risk

Management

  • Pyridostigmine 30–60 mg PO 4–6 hourly
  • Prednisolone with steroid-sparing azathioprine/mycophenolate
  • Crisis: IVIG 2 g/kg over 5 days or plasma exchange + ICU
  • Thymectomy if thymoma or generalised AChR-positive disease <50 y

Clinical pearls

  • Avoid aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, magnesium and β-blockers
  • Monitor FVC, not SpO₂ — desaturation is a late sign

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