Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Gastroenterology

Disorder of gut-brain interaction with recurrent abdominal pain related to defaecation and altered stool form/frequency (Rome IV).

Investigations

  • FBC, CRP, coeliac serology, faecal calprotectin
  • Colonoscopy only if alarm features
  • Consider bile acid malabsorption testing in IBS-D

Differential diagnosis

  • IBD
  • Coeliac disease
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Microscopic colitis
  • Bile acid diarrhoea

Management

  • Dietary review; low-FODMAP diet with dietitian
  • Antispasmodics (mebeverine, peppermint oil)
  • Laxatives for IBS-C (avoid lactulose), loperamide for IBS-D
  • Low-dose amitriptyline; CBT/gut-directed hypnotherapy

Clinical pearls

  • Red flags — weight loss, PR bleeding, age >50, nocturnal symptoms — mandate investigation
  • Normal calprotectin makes IBD very unlikely

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

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