Guillain–Barré Syndrome

Neurology

Acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy causing ascending flaccid weakness and areflexia, usually post-infectious.

Clinical features

  • Ascending symmetrical weakness over days
  • Areflexia
  • Neuropathic pain, paraesthesia
  • Autonomic instability

Investigations

  • CSF albuminocytological dissociation (may be normal in first week)
  • Nerve conduction studies
  • Serial FVC and negative inspiratory force
  • Anti-ganglioside antibodies (Miller Fisher: anti-GQ1b)

Management

  • IVIG 0.4 g/kg/day × 5 days OR plasma exchange (equivalent)
  • ICU if FVC <20 mL/kg, MIP <30, bulbar failure (20/30/40 rule)
  • VTE prophylaxis, pain control (gabapentin), physiotherapy

Clinical pearls

  • Steroids alone are ineffective
  • Autonomic dysfunction can cause fatal arrhythmia — cardiac monitoring

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

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