Testicular Torsion

Urology

Twisting of the spermatic cord causing ischaemia; a time-critical surgical emergency.

Clinical features

  • Sudden severe unilateral testicular pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • High-riding testis with horizontal lie
  • Absent cremasteric reflex, no relief on elevation

Investigations

  • Clinical diagnosis — do NOT delay for imaging
  • Doppler ultrasound only if the diagnosis is genuinely uncertain and immediately available

Management

  • Nil by mouth, analgesia, urgent surgical exploration within 6 hours
  • Bilateral orchidopexy at exploration
  • Orchidectomy if non-viable

Clinical pearls

  • Salvage exceeds 90% within 6 h and falls below 10% after 24 h
  • Torsion of the appendix testis gives a 'blue dot' sign and is managed conservatively

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

WardRound

WardRound

Clinical Decisions in Seconds