Schizophrenia

Psychiatry

Chronic psychotic disorder with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms present for ≥6 months (≥1 month of active symptoms).

Clinical features

  • Auditory hallucinations, delusions
  • Thought insertion/withdrawal/broadcast
  • Disorganised speech and behaviour
  • Negative: blunted affect, avolition, alogia

Investigations

  • Exclude organic cause: drug screen, FBC, U&E, LFT, TFT, HIV, syphilis, MRI brain if atypical
  • Baseline metabolic profile and ECG before antipsychotics

Management

  • Oral atypical antipsychotic titrated over 4–6 weeks
  • CBT for psychosis and family intervention
  • Depot if adherence poor
  • Clozapine after two failed adequate trials
  • Physical health monitoring annually

Complications

  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Suicide (≈5% lifetime)
  • Tardive dyskinesia
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Clinical pearls

  • Duration of untreated psychosis predicts outcome — refer early to early-intervention services

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

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