Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatology

Chronic symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis of synovial joints with systemic features and erosive potential.

Clinical features

  • Symmetrical small-joint pain and swelling (MCP, PIP, MTP)
  • Early morning stiffness >30 min
  • Fatigue and weight loss

Investigations

  • Rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP
  • CRP/ESR
  • X-ray hands and feet (erosions, periarticular osteopenia)
  • USS for subclinical synovitis

Management

  • Refer to rheumatology within 3 weeks of suspicion
  • Methotrexate plus short-term steroid bridge
  • Escalate to combination DMARDs or biologic if DAS28 >5.1 after 2 conventional DMARDs
  • Physio, OT and cardiovascular risk management

Complications

  • Joint destruction and deformity
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Atlanto-axial subluxation
  • Accelerated atherosclerosis
  • Felty's syndrome

Clinical pearls

  • Ask about neck pain before intubation — atlanto-axial instability
  • Treat to target: remission or low disease activity

Related in WardRound

Educational — verify locally.

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