Pre-eclampsia

Obs/Gynae

New hypertension ≥140/90 after 20 weeks gestation + proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction.

Risk factors

  • Nulliparity, age >40
  • Prior pre-eclampsia
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • CKD, HTN, DM, antiphospholipid

Clinical features

  • Headache
  • Visual disturbance
  • RUQ pain
  • Oedema, rapid weight gain

Examination

  • BP ≥140/90
  • Hyperreflexia, clonus
  • Papilloedema (rare)

Investigations

  • Urine PCR/ACR
  • FBC, LFT, U&E, urate
  • PlGF / sFlt-1 ratio
  • CTG, growth scan, dopplers

Diagnosis

  • BP + proteinuria OR end-organ dysfunction (renal, hepatic, neuro, haematological, uteroplacental)

Differential diagnosis

  • Chronic hypertension
  • Gestational HTN
  • HELLP
  • AFLP

Management

  • Labetalol / nifedipine for BP <135/85
  • IV labetalol / hydralazine for severe HTN
  • Magnesium sulfate for severe / eclampsia prophylaxis
  • Delivery is definitive — timing by severity & gestation

Drug therapy

  • Labetalol 200 mg PO bd–qds
  • Magnesium sulfate 4 g IV load + 1 g/h
  • Aspirin 150 mg from 12 wk in next pregnancy

Complications

  • Eclampsia
  • HELLP
  • Placental abruption
  • Stroke
  • FGR, stillbirth

Clinical pearls

  • BP target now 135/85 (CHIPS, CHAP)

Educational — verify locally.

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WardRound

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