Multiple Sclerosis

Neurology

Immune-mediated demyelination of CNS, dissemination in space and time (McDonald criteria).

Clinical features

  • Optic neuritis
  • Sensory disturbance, weakness
  • Lhermitte, Uhthoff phenomena
  • Bladder dysfunction, fatigue

Investigations

  • MRI brain + spine with contrast (periventricular, juxtacortical, infratentorial, spinal cord lesions)
  • CSF oligoclonal bands
  • Visual evoked potentials

Management

  • Acute relapse: methylprednisolone 1 g IV/PO × 3–5 d
  • Disease-modifying: interferon-β, glatiramer, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide; highly active disease: natalizumab, ocrelizumab, alemtuzumab

References

  • NICE CG186 MS 2014/2022

Educational — verify locally.

WardRound

WardRound

Clinical Decisions in Seconds