Non-Invasive Ventilation (BiPAP/CPAP)

ICU · ICU/Medicine · 10–20 min

Positive-pressure ventilation via mask without endotracheal tube.

Indications

  • • COPD exacerbation with respiratory acidosis (BiPAP)
  • • Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPAP)
  • • OSA

Contraindications

  • ⚠ Coma / poor mental status
  • ⚠ Vomiting / airway compromise
  • ⚠ Facial trauma
  • ⚠ Cardiorespiratory arrest

Equipment

  • • NIV machine
  • • Full face mask (initial)
  • • Heat & moisture exchanger

Positioning

  • • As appropriate for the procedure and patient comfort.

Consent

  • • Explain indication, benefits, alternatives
  • • Explain risks & complications
  • • Obtain written/verbal consent as per SOP
  • • Document consent

Universal precautions

  • • Hand hygiene
  • • PPE — gloves, mask, eye protection
  • • Aseptic technique
  • • Sharps safety
  • • Verify patient identity & site

Step-by-step (0/4)

Tap to complete

Correct size; minimize leak.

Immediate complications

  • ⚠ Mask discomfort, aerophagia
  • ⚠ Aspiration

Delayed complications

  • • Skin necrosis

Recognition

  • • Poor response = failure

Initial management

  • • Escalate to intubation

Prevention

  • • Correct mask fit
  • • Patient cooperation

Post-procedure observation

  • • Vitals q15min × 1h then hourly

Monitoring

  • • Site inspection
  • • Symptom review

Documentation

  • • Procedure note
  • • Consent
  • • Findings

Patient instructions

  • • Report pain, bleeding, fever, worsening symptoms

Educational bedside guide. Perform only under supervision until competent. Follow local SOPs and consent policy.

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