Aseptic aspiration of joint fluid for diagnosis or symptomatic relief.
Indications
- • Suspected septic arthritis
- • Crystal arthropathy diagnosis
- • Tense hemarthrosis / effusion
Contraindications
- ⚠ Overlying cellulitis
- ⚠ Prosthetic joint (orthopedic surgeon only)
- ⚠ Coagulopathy (relative)
Equipment
- • 18-G needle + 20 mL syringe
- • Sterile kit
- • Local anesthetic
- • Sample tubes for cell count, gram stain, culture, crystals
Positioning
- • As appropriate for the procedure and patient comfort.
Consent
- • Explain indication, benefits, alternatives
- • Explain risks & complications
- • Obtain written/verbal consent as per SOP
- • Document consent
Universal precautions
- • Hand hygiene
- • PPE — gloves, mask, eye protection
- • Aseptic technique
- • Sharps safety
- • Verify patient identity & site
Step-by-step (0/6)
Tap to complete
Knee slightly flexed.
Immediate complications
- ⚠ Bleeding
- ⚠ Nerve injury
- ⚠ Dry tap
Delayed complications
- • Septic arthritis (< 1/10,000)
- • Cartilage damage
Recognition
- • Fever, worsening pain
Initial management
- • Broad-spectrum antibiotics if septic
Prevention
- • Aseptic technique
Post-procedure observation
- • Vitals q15min × 1h then hourly
Monitoring
- • Site inspection
- • Symptom review
Documentation
- • Procedure note
- • Consent
- • Findings
Patient instructions
- • Report pain, bleeding, fever, worsening symptoms
Educational bedside guide. Perform only under supervision until competent. Follow local SOPs and consent policy.
