Cricothyrotomy (Overview)

Airway · Emergency · <2 min

Emergency surgical airway through cricothyroid membrane when CICO — 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' — occurs. Educational overview only.

Indications

  • CICO scenario
  • Failed intubation with hypoxia

Contraindications

  • Age <8 (needle cricothyrotomy preferred)
  • Laryngeal fracture

Equipment

  • Scalpel #10
  • Bougie
  • Size 6.0 ETT or trach
  • Retractor / hook

Positioning

  • As appropriate for the procedure and patient comfort.

Consent

  • Explain indication, benefits, alternatives
  • Explain risks & complications
  • Obtain written/verbal consent as per SOP
  • Document consent

Universal precautions

  • Hand hygiene
  • PPE — gloves, mask, eye protection
  • Aseptic technique
  • Sharps safety
  • Verify patient identity & site

Step-by-step (0/6)

Tap to complete

1. Identify landmark

Cricothyroid membrane between thyroid & cricoid cartilage.

2. Vertical skin incision

3. Horizontal stab through membrane

4. Bougie

5. Rail ETT/trach over bougie

6. Confirm & secure

Immediate complications

  • Bleeding
  • False passage
  • Esophageal injury
  • Barotrauma

Delayed complications

  • Subglottic stenosis
  • Voice change

Recognition

  • No ETCO2
  • SC emphysema

Initial management

  • Reposition or convert to tracheostomy

Prevention

  • Practice; landmark identification

Post-procedure observation

  • Vitals q15min × 1h then hourly

Monitoring

  • Site inspection
  • Symptom review

Documentation

  • Procedure note
  • Consent
  • Findings

Patient instructions

  • Report pain, bleeding, fever, worsening symptoms

Educational bedside guide. Perform only under supervision until competent. Follow local SOPs and consent policy.

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