Hepatitis C

General Medicine

HCV infection; high cure rates (>95%) with direct-acting antivirals.

History taking

  • • Onset, duration, progression, severity
  • • Aggravating / relieving factors
  • • Past history, drugs, allergies, comorbidities
  • • Family & social history relevant to presentation

Examination

  • • General: vitals, pallor, icterus, oedema, lymphadenopathy
  • • Focused system examination
  • • Look for red-flag findings

Red flags

  • • Haemodynamic instability
  • • Rapid deterioration
  • • Severe pain or new neurological deficit

Differential diagnosis

  • • See differentials section per chief complaint

Recommended investigations

  • • Anti-HCV (screen), HCV RNA (confirm), genotype
  • • LFT, FibroScan
  • • HIV, HBV co-infection

Diagnosis

  • • Clinical diagnosis supported by targeted investigations

Initial treatment / management

  • • Treat underlying cause
  • • Symptomatic relief
  • • Patient education

Drug therapy

  • • Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400/100 mg OD × 12 weeks (pan-genotypic)

Follow-up advice

  • • Review in 2–4 weeks or earlier if worsening
  • • Monitor response to therapy and adverse effects

Patient counselling

  • • Avoid alcohol, harm reduction for IDU

Referral criteria

  • • Refer if diagnostic uncertainty, complications, or failure of first-line therapy

References

  • • Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21e
  • • NICE / WHO guidelines (current edition)

Educational outpatient guide — verify against local guidelines before clinical use.

WardRound

WardRound

Clinical Decisions in Seconds