Sodium nitroprusside

Emergency Drugs

Emergency Drugs · Direct nitric oxide donor (arterial + venous dilator)

Sodium nitroprusside

Dose

Start 0.25–0.3 mcg/kg/min IV, titrate up to max 10 mcg/kg/min.

Indications

  • Hypertensive emergency (esp aortic dissection with β-blocker)
  • Afterload reduction in severe HF

Contraindications

  • Compensatory HTN (raised ICP without brain protection)
  • Severe hepatic/renal impairment (thiocyanate)

Dilution & preparation

50 mg in 250 mL D5W = 200 mcg/mL; protect from light

Use

Rapid onset, short-acting BP control.

Monitoring

Arterial BP continuously; thiocyanate/cyanide if >72 h or high dose; LFTs, U&E.

Side effects

  • Cyanide toxicity (acidosis, ↑lactate — treat with hydroxocobalamin)
  • Coronary steal
  • Reflex tachycardia

Related in WardRound

Always confirm dose against your local formulary / BNF before prescribing.

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