Red flags
- Exsanguinating haemorrhage
- Airway compromise
- Tension pneumo, massive haemothorax, tamponade, flail
First steps
- <c>: catastrophic haemorrhage control (tourniquet, direct pressure, TXA 1 g IV)
- A: airway + C-spine control
- B: breathing
- C: circulation (2 large-bore IV, cross-match, permissive hypotension in penetrating)
- D: disability (GCS, pupils, glucose)
- E: exposure + prevent hypothermia
Key investigations
- FAST scan
- Trauma CT (pan-scan)
- Blood, group & save, coag, ABG, β-hCG
Differentials
- Occult injuries — reassess frequently
Initial management
- Massive transfusion 1:1:1 (RBC:FFP:Platelets)
- TXA within 3 h
- Damage control surgery if unstable
- Log roll for secondary survey
Referral
- Trauma team activation, specialty as per injury
AI clinical assessment
Enter patient details to generate evidence-based guidance.
This tool is for educational and clinical support only. It does not replace professional medical judgment or institutional protocols.
