Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Respiratory

Common organisms

  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae
  • Legionella
  • H. influenzae

Empirical therapy

  • Outpatient: Amoxicillin 1 g PO TDS ± Azithromycin
  • Inpatient ward: Ceftriaxone 1-2 g IV OD + Azithromycin 500 mg IV/PO OD
  • ICU: Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin OR Levofloxacin

Culture-directed

  • Pen-sensitive S. pneumoniae: Amoxicillin
  • Legionella: Azithromycin or Levofloxacin
Renal adjustment: Ceftriaxone: no adjustment. Levofloxacin: dose-adjust if CrCl <50.

Adverse effects

  • β-lactam allergy
  • QT prolongation with macrolides/fluoroquinolones
  • C. difficile risk

Monitoring

  • CURB-65 / response by 48-72h
  • Repeat CXR if not improving

Clinical pearls

  • De-escalate by 48-72h once cultures available
  • 5-day course usually adequate

Educational support only — follow local antibiogram and institutional protocols.

WardRound

WardRound

Clinical Decisions in Seconds