Respiratory Acidosis

Acidosis

Hypoventilation → CO₂ retention → acidaemia.

Compensation

  • Acute: HCO₃ rises 1 per 10 ΔPaCO₂
  • Chronic: HCO₃ rises 3.5 per 10 ΔPaCO₂

Causes

  • CNS depression (opioids, sedatives, stroke)
  • Neuromuscular (GBS, MG, ALS, NM blockade)
  • Airway (COPD, asthma, OSA, obstruction)
  • Chest wall (kyphoscoliosis, flail, obesity hypoventilation)
  • Pulmonary (severe pneumonia, ARDS late)

Treatment

  • Reverse cause (naloxone if opioid)
  • Optimise ventilation; NIV (BiPAP) for type 2 RF
  • Intubate if drowsy, exhausted, pH <7.25 despite NIV
  • Avoid over-rapid CO₂ correction (cerebral alkalosis)
WardRound

WardRound

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